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Brunswick is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County, Georgia, United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 As the major urban and economic center of the state's lower southeast, it is the second-largest urban area on the Georgia coast after Savannah and contains the Brunswick Old Town Historic District. British colonists settled the peninsula in 1738 as a buffer to Spanish Florida. It came under provincial control in 1771 and was founded as ''Brunswick'' after the German duchy of Brunswick–Lüneburg, the ancestral home of the House of Hanover. It was incorporated as a city in 1856. Throughout its history, Brunswick has served as an important port city: in World War II, it served as a strategic military location with an operational base for escort blimps and a shipbuilding facility for the U.S. Maritime Commission. Brunswick supports a progressive economy largely based on tourism and logistics with a metropolitan GDP of $3.9 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.forbes.com/places/ga/brunswick/ )〕 The Port of Brunswick handles approximately 10 percent of all U.S. ro-ro trade—third in the U.S. behind the ports of Los Angeles and Newark.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gaports.com/corporate/tabid/379/xmmid/1097/xmid/6250/xmview/2/default.aspx )〕 The headquarters of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center is located north of the central business district of the city and is adjacent to Brunswick–Golden Isles Airport, which provides commercial air service to the area. In the 2010 U.S. census, the population of the city proper was 15,383; the urban area, 51,024; and the metropolitan area, 112,370. Brunswick is located on a harbor of the Atlantic Ocean, approximately north of Florida and south of South Carolina. Brunswick is bordered on the west by Oglethorpe Bay, East River, and Turtle River. On the south it is bordered by the Brunswick River and on the east by the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, which separates it from the Golden Isles. ==History== (詳細はMocama, a Timucua-speaking people, originally occupied the lands in what is now Brunswick. The Spanish established missions in Timucuan villages beginning in 1568. During this time, much of the Native American population was depleted through enslavement and disease.〔 When the Province of Carolina was founded in 1663, the British claimed all lands south to the 31st parallel north, but little colonization occurred south of the Altamaha River as the Spanish also claimed this land. Three years after the Province of Georgia was founded in 1733, James Oglethorpe had the town of Frederica built on St. Simons Island, challenging Spaniards who laid claim to the island. The Spanish were driven out of the province after British victories in the battles of Bloody Marsh and Gully Hole Creek in 1742;〔 it was not until the Treaty of Paris of 1763 that Spain's threat to the province was formally ended, when all lands north of the St. Marys River and south of the Savannah River were designated as Georgia.〔 The area's first European settler, Mark Carr, arrived in 1738. Carr, a Scotsman, was a captain in Oglethorpe's Marine Boat Company. Upon landing, he established his tobacco plantation, which he called "Plug Point", along the East and Brunswick rivers.〔 The Province of Georgia purchased Carr's fields in 1771 and laid out the town of Brunswick in the grid plan akin to that of Savannah, with large, public squares at given intervals.〔 The town was named for the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Germany, the ancestral home of George III and the House of Hanover. Brunswick was a rectangular tract of land consisting of .〔 The first lot was granted on June 30, 1772; 179 lots were granted in the first three years.〔 However, about this time Brunswick lost most of its citizens, many of whom were Loyalists, to East Florida, the Caribbean Basin, and the United Kingdom for protection during the American Revolutionary War.〔 From 1783 to 1788 a number of these lots were regranted and there collected in Brunswick a few families who desired proper education for their children.〔 By act of the General Assembly on February 1, 1788, eight town commissioners were appointed and Glynn Academy was chartered, the funding of which was to come from the sales of town lots.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Glynn Academy History )〕 Brunswick was recognized as an official port of entry in 1789 by act of the United States Congress. In 1797 the General Assembly transferred the seat of Glynn County from Frederica to Brunswick.〔On March 25, 1765, Georgia's colonial assembly divided the territory south of the Altamaha River into four new parishes. Two of these parishes—St. David and St. Patrick—would later be combined to form the mainland portion of Glynn County. Additionally, the 1765 act assigned Jekyll Island to St. James Parish, meaning that this parish consisted entirely of St. Simons and Jekyll islands. On February 5, 1777, the state's first constitution was adopted. Article IV of that document transformed the existing colonial parishes into seven counties, with Native American-ceded lands to the north forming an eighth county. Glynn County, which was seventh on the list and thus is considered Georgia's seventh county, consisted of all of St. David and St. Patrick parishes. In 1789 the legislature added St. Simons and Jekyll islands to Glynn County. Frederica on St. Simons Island served as Glynn County's seat beginning in 1789, at the absorption of the islands into Glynn. In an act of February 10, 1787, Georgia's legislature provided that Glynn County's courthouse and jail be erected and that county elections be held in Brunswick—which made it the county seat. Ten years later—on February 13, 1797—the legislature formally designated Brunswick the seat of Glynn County. (see (Glynn County Courthouse ) at the Digital Library of Georgia).〕 At the end of the eighteenth century, a large tract of land surrounding Brunswick on three sides had been laid off and designated as Commons.〔 Commissioners were named in 1796 to support these efforts.〔 The General Assembly authorized them to sell 500 acres of Commons; one-half of the proceeds to go to the construction of the courthouse and jail and one-half to the support of the academy.〔 In 1819 the commissioners erected a comfortable building for school purposes on the southeastern corner of Reynolds and L streets.〔 This was the first public building in Brunswick.〔 It was abandoned four years later, but a new building was erected on Hillsborough Square in 1840 using Commons proceeds.〔 A courthouse and jail were built around this time.〔〔〔 The town was officially incorporated as a city on February 22, 1856.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official website of the City of Brunswick )〕 By 1860 Brunswick had a population of 468, a bank, a weekly newspaper, and a sawmill which employed nine workers. Brunswick was abandoned during the Civil War when citizens were ordered to evacuate. The city, like many others in the South, suffered from post-war depression. After one of the nation's largest lumber mills began operation on nearby St. Simons Island, economic prosperity returned. Rail lines were constructed from Brunswick to inland Georgia, which stimulated a sawmill boom, said to average one mill every two miles, along the new industrial corridor. In his book ''The New South Comes to Wiregrass Georgia 1860–1910'' author Mark V. Wetherington states that from Eastman, former Quartermaster General Ira R. Foster ''shipped lumber to Brunswick, where it was loaded onto timber schooners and transported to international markets like Liverpool, Rio de Janeiro, and Havana.''〔 Unlike many other southern cities during the Reconstruction period, Brunswick experienced an economic boom. In 1878, poet and native Georgian Sidney Lanier, who sought relief from tuberculosis in Brunswick's climate, wrote ''The Marshes of Glynn'', a poem based on the salt marshes that span across Glynn County. The December 1888 issue of ''Harper's Weekly'' predicted that "Brunswick by the Sea" was destined to become the "winter Newport of America." Jekyll Island had become a resort destination for some of the era's most influential families (most notably Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, Pulitzers and Goodyears) who arrived by train or yacht. A yellow fever epidemic began in 1893 which heralded a decade of hardships for the city; it was flooded in 1893 when a modern-day Category 3 hurricane (today known as the Sea Islands Hurricane) paralleled the coast of Georgia before hitting South Carolina. The storm left the city under six feet of water. A Category 4 hurricane hit Cumberland Island just south of Brunswick in October 1898, which caused a storm surge in the city.〔 As a result, 179 were killed.〔 Construction of an electric streetcar line began in 1909 and was completed in 1911. Tracks were located in the center of several city streets. In July 1924, the F.J. Torras Causeway, the roadway between Brunswick and St. Simons Island, was completed, and passenger boat service from Brunswick to St. Simons Island was terminated.〔 By 1926, the electric streetcar line in Brunswick was discontinued; the decline of the streetcar systems coincided with the rise of the automobile.〔 In World War II, Brunswick served as a strategic military location. German U-boats threatened the coast of the southern United States, and blimps became a common sight as they patrolled the coastal areas. During the war, blimps from Brunswick's Naval Air Station Glynco (at the time, the largest blimp base in the world) safely escorted almost 100,000 ships without a single vessel lost to enemy submarines. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brunswick, Georgia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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